Thanks to everyone for the great advice, and yes, retepsnikrep, thanks, better blocking and layout would be helpful (trade you for some commas). ;-)
I didn't actually tell all the original story, for brevity (or what passes for it, with me). It originally made knocking noises on the highway (which I thought might be from lower-octave gas than I usually buy, when they were out of higher grades), but I didn't notice whether the temperature gauge indicated overheating. I babied it for a mile or two, minimizing the knocking by slowing down and minimizing the loading, then took the first exit, where it stalled at the stop sign, after which I pushed it to a safe place, and called my wife for pickup (2 hours south of home).
While waiting for pickup, I tried to start it again after about 45 minutes, and it did start (so not seized, yay), but wouldn't run on its own, unless I gave it some gas to keep the revs up to 1000+.
When I got it home (in a separate rental operation, since my tow-capable vehicle had meanwhile thrown an alternator light), I found that the plastic around two of the three (#2 and #3) coil hold-down bolts had gotten hot enough that the hold-down bolts had pulled through the plastic, and #3 wasn't even on the plug anymore. So, I took a couple of slightly longer bolts, with washers and lock washers and cinched them back down, then tried to start it, just in case that's all it was (unfortunately, not yet asking the question of how the plastic melted). That seemed to work fine, since it started up, and ran relatively normally (it was not particularly smooth, even before). I waited for the warmup high idle to subside, and when it dropped to the normal 1000 RPM, and seemed OK, I said Yay, parked it, and went back to normal life. This, in hindsight, was a Bad Idea.
When I had filled up with the low-octave gas, I had checked the oil, and it needed a quart (hey, it's got 285K on it), but I was carrying a quart of 0-20, so I knew the oil level was good, even after the unexpected event. But, I didn't check for normal cooling system operation after I got it home, and it seemed to be running OK. Yes, even though the plastic had obviously gotten hot. Sigh. Note to self for the future.
So, the next day I headed out to go somewhere, got about 7 miles down the road, and then saw the temperature gauge two bars into the red. I pulled over almost immediately, stopped the engine, and saw the gauge go up to 3 bars (the max) after stopping it. The day after that, I drove it in two stints, about 3+ miles each, to the dealer, with a cooldown in between.
The dealer service rep said on the phone the radiator was blocked, and that it should also be replaced (as they dropped in their recommended $4500 used engine, I suppose!), but I'm not sure if he thought he "saw me coming" or what, because when I picked up the car (with a friend and a tow-capable vehicle), the mechanic said the top radiator hose had split, and that's why it overheated. Not exactly a blocked system.
Regardless, the car's now home, and after I got the mechanic at the dealer to tighten the coil hold-down bolt he failed to tighten (so I could barely start it and limp it onto the tow dolly), and now that I've now tightened the spark plug in the good cylinder that he also failed to tighten (what, really?!), I'm ready to warm it up a bit (without overheating it) and do a compression test. Thanks to jime and J.K. for reminding me about opening the throttle. Not sure I've done a compression check since carbeurators (only recently gave up on my '86 Corolla), and don't really see that the mechanism involved with injection is the same as with a throttle butterfly valve, but will defer to your more current expertise. I'm not worrying about the cooling system right now, since evaluating the engine seems the priority.
The consensus from your-all's input seems to be that if things are bad enough, that dropping in a used engine makes more sense than repairing the head, so thanks to KLR3CYL, bibendum, rmay635703, Need4Speed, and rhall for that advice (and please forgive me, if I missed someone). Particular thanks to J.K. for a great list of items, to rhall, for reminding me I can use a precision straightedge to check for warpage, and to Working Honda, for reminding me that time is important, as well as money.
I have checked the prices, and one source is ready to sell a complete head assembly
for about $900, but I also know I can probably get an engine for somewhere around that price, maybe even delivered, for not much more. So, yes, if I can trust the mileages that are quoted for the used engines, that does seem to be a better longer-term option. And, I am indeed thinking long-term. My first Honda Civic was given away, still running, with 411K on it, and the second was sold at 285K.
Thanks to some for their cautions about ring or valve damage, and yes, I know the trick to put oil in the cylinders for a second compression test, to see if the rings are implicated. And, yes, jime, thanks for checking, I do have other transportation, but only now that I've replaced the hood release cable on my '90 225K Miata (the first year, with the keyway Lock-Tite fix for Mazda's shameful short-nose crank design flaw), and unplugged and re-plugged the voltage regulator feedback wire that was erroneously lighting up the alternator light on my '96 250K Escort (yes, rigged for towing). I'm never entirely comfortable unless I have a primary and a secondary car (in addition to my wife's), so I was Freaked Out when all three cars (and a motorcycle) were down at the same time! And, the Insight is supposed to be my main car. Guess I'll have to drive the Miata with the top down most of this Spring (don't throw me in that briar patch!). But, I digress.
Just one more question (OK, for now). I do not have a full-blown hoist. I could probably rig, borrow, or even buy an engine-hoist, but I haven't done an engine replacement since the days of Volkswagens and two scissors jacks (for any that remember those halcyon days). Hmnn, actually, that's not true - I did my old, low MGB since then, with an engine hoist. So, if it does turn ugly (like the valves being burned or worse), and it seems like, at least economically, an entire used engine is both a better long-term prospect, and maybe a more straight-forward repair, is an engine replacement something that can be done from the top of the car?
Thanks so much!